Simin, a new bread wheat cultivar suitable for cold climate regions

Document Type : Release of the variety

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Khorassan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Western Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Urmia, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Ardebil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardebil, Iran.

5 Assistant Professor , Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran.

6 Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Zanjan, Iran.

7 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Qazvin, Iran.

8 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran.

9 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran.

10 Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

11 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Arak, Iran.

12 Professor, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Khorassan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran.

13 Associate Professor , Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Khorassan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran.

14 Researcher , Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Ardebil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardebil, Iran.

15 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

16 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tabriz, Iran.

17 Associate Professor, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Ardebil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardebil, Iran.

18 Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan, Iran.

19 Assistant Professor, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran.

20 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Sari, Iran.

21 Associate Professor, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran.

22 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Western Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Urmia, Iran.

23 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Khorassan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran.

24 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Khouzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran.

25 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Kermanshah, Iran.

26 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Dezful Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Dezful, Iran.

27 Researcher, Field and Horticultural Sciences Crops Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Brojerd, Iran.

10.22092/rafhc.2026.368295.1355

Abstract

Simin, a new bread wheat cultivar with pedigree of JI5418/MARAS//SHARK/F4105W2.1 was developed under the International Winter Wheat Breeding Program (IWWIP). It was first introduced in 2012-2013 as part of the 16th International Winter Wheat Nursery (16th IWWYT) in three cold climate research stations in Iran (Karaj, Ardabil and Mashhad). During the 2013-2014 cropping year, Simin was tested in the preliminary yield trials under normal irrigation conditions at Arak, Miandoab, Hamedan and Mashhad and with an average yield of 6150 kgha-1, it outperformed the control cultivars Urom (5717 kgha-1), Zare (5275 kgha-1), and Mihan (5884 kgha-1). In the 2014-2015 cropping year, Simin was evaluated in the Advanced Regional Wheat Yield Trial for Cold Regions (ARWYT-C93) under optimal irrigation across six research stations and it demonstrated superior yield (8736 kgha-1) compared to the control varieties of Urom (7601 kgha-1), Zare (8130 kgha-1) and Mihan (8730 kgha-1). This performance led to its selection for the Elite Regional Wheat Yield Trial for the Cold Regions (ERWYT-C94) in 2015-2017, where it was tested across eight research stations (Karaj, Miandoab, Arak, Ardabil, Hamadan, Mashhad, Qazvin and Tabriz). In the ERWYT-C94 trials, Simin achieved an average grain yield of 7907 kgha-1 with a Kang stability index of YS=10, confirming its high adaptability and stability. It surpassed the control cultivars Urom (6925 kgha-1, YS=-5), Zare (7515 kgha-1, YS=5), Mihan (7668 kgha-1, YS=7), and Haydari (7784 kgha-1, YS=9). In subsequent extension trials, Simin exhibited an average grain yield of 9510 kgha-1, and significantly outperformed the check cultivars Zarineh (9156 kgha-1), Haydari (8180 kgha-1), and Mihan (8470 kgha-1). This represented a 10.6% yield increase over the average grain yields of control cultivars. Simin variety officially released in 2021 for cold climate in Iran and exhibits intermediate growth habit, good baking quality, and resistant to moderately resistant (R-MR) reactions against predominant yellow rust strains in the cold regions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops
Volume 14, Issue 2
February 2026
Pages 179-193

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History

  • Receive Date: 13 January 2025
  • Revise Date: 21 May 2025
  • Accept Date: 23 May 2026

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