Investigating the effect of seed treatments on the growth and production of basil essential oil

Document Type : Research

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy, Male.C., Islamic Azad University, Malekan, Iran

2 Department of Horticultural Science, Ta.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

10.22092/rafhc.2026.367430.1351

Abstract

Germination and seedling establishment represent a critical stage in the plant life cycle, significantly influencing the productive potential of plants. This study was conducted using a 2⁴ factorial experiment within a randomized complete block design with three replications, involving four treatments—hydro, biological, nutritional, and nano coatings—over the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons at the agricultural research station of the Islamic Azad University, Malekan. In the first year, the combined nutritional and biological coating treatment produced the highest seed yield, exhibiting a 2.8% increase over the control (1,124 kgha-1). In the second year, the nutritional seed coating treatment achieved the maximum yield of 1,217 kgha-1. Additionally, the hydro coating treatment in the second year resulted in a seed yield of 1,216 kgha-1, representing an 8.23% increase compared to the control (1,124 kgha-1). Other treatments also led to improvements in traits such as total dry weight, leaf area index, and chlorophyll content; however, their effects on seed yield were not as pronounced as those of the aforementioned treatments. The findings of this research indicate that the application of specific seed coatings, particularly nutritional and hydro coatings, can serve as a practical and effective strategy for enhancing basil seed yield.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Afzal, I., Javed, T., Amirkhani, M. and Taylor, A. 2020. Modern seed technology: seed coating delivery systems for enhancing seed and crop performance. Agric. 10: 526-535.  https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110526.
 
 
Alhasan, A., Kadhem Abbas, M., Al-Ameri, M., Tareq Al-Ameri, A. 2020. Growth and yield response of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to different rates of urea fertilizer under field conditions. 1st Scintific International Virtual Agricultural Conference. University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq, 31 May-1 June 2020. IOP Conference series: Earth and Environmental Science, 553:012044. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/553/1/012044.
 
 
Baroni, D. F. and Duarte Vieira, H. 2020. Coating seeds with fertilizer: A promising technique for forage crop seeds. Ciênc. Agrotec. 44:e013720. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202044013720.
 
 
Barros, A. F., Duarte Pimentel, L., Fontes Araujo, E., Roberto de Macedo, L., Emília Prieto Martinez, H., Aparecida Pereira Batista, V. and Queiroz da Paixão, M. 2017. Super absorbent polymer application in seeds and planting furrow: it will be a new opportunity for rainfed agriculture. Semina: Ciênc. Agrár. Londrina. 38: 1703-1714. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n3p1703.
 
 
Ben-Jabeur, M., Vicente, R., López-Cristoanini, C., Alesami, N., Djébali, N., Gracia-Romero, A., Dolores Serret, M., López-Carbonell, M., Luis Araus, J., and Hamada, W. 2019. A novel aspect of essential oils: coating seeds with thyme essential oil induces drought resistance in wheat. Plants 8: 371-383. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8090371.
 
 
Bhaskaran, M., Santhiya, R. and Umarani, R. 2017. Nutrient based seed coating formulation for enhancement of seed germination characteristics, crop growth and productivity of cotton. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 6(12): 5429-5438.
 
 
Corlett, F. M.F., Rufino, C., Vieira, J. F., Tavares, L. C., Tunes, L.V.M. and Barros, A. 2014. The influence of seed coating on the vigor and early seedling growth of barley. Cien. Inv. Agr. 41(1):129-136. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202014000100012.
 
 
Gómez-Contreras, P., Figueroa-Lopez, K., Hernández-Fernández, J., Cortés Rodríguez, M. and Ortega-Toro, R. 2021. Effect of different essential oils on the properties of edible coatings based on yam (Dioscorearotundata L.) starch and its application in strawberry (Fragariavesca L.) Preservation. App. Sci. 11: 11057. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311057.
 
 
Gubišová, M., Hudcovicová, M., Matušinský, P., Ondreicková, K., Klcová, L. and Gubiš, J. 2022. Superabsorbent polymer seed coating reduces leaching of fungicide but does not alter their effectiveness in su pressing pathogen infestation. Polymers 14: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14173582.
 
 
Hoseini, A., Salehi, A., Sayyed, R.Z., Balouchi, H., Moradi, A., Piri, R., Fazeli-Nasab, B., Poczai, P., Ansari, M. J., Obaid, S. and Datta, R. 2022. Efficacy of biological agents and fillers seed coating in improving drought stress in anise. Front. Plant Sci. 13: 86-94. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.861921.
 
 
Igiebor, F. A., Asia, M. and Ikhajiagbe, B. 2023. Green nanotechnology: a modern tool for sustainable agriculture – A review. Int. J. Hort. Sci. Tech. 10: 269-286. https://doi.org/10.22059/IJHST.2023.348436.654.
 
 
Jagadeesh, V., SujathaPatta, S., Triveni, K., Keshavulu, K., Rani, J. and Raghavendra, K. 2017. Effect of biological seed coating on pigeonpea seedling vigour. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App, 6(8): 843-854.
 
 
Jarecki, W. and Wietecha, J. 2021. Effect of seed coating on the yield of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. Plant, Soil Environ. 67(8): 468–473. https://doi.org/10.17221/179/2021-PSE.
 
 
Jeephet, P., Atnaseo, C., Hermhuk, S. and Kangsopa, J. 2022. Effect of seed pelleting with different matrices on physical characteristics and seed quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Int. J. Agric. Tech. 18(5): 2009-2020.
 
 
Klarod, K., Dongsansuk, A., Piepho, H. and Siri, B. 2021. Seed coating with plant nutrients enhances germination and seedling growth, and promotes total dehydrogenase activity during seed germination in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Seed Sci. Tech. 49: 107-124. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2021.49.2.02.
 
 
Maity, A., Natarajan, N., Pastor, M., Gupta, C. K. and Wasnik, V. K. 2018. Nanoparticles influence seed germination traits and seed pathogen infection rate in forage sorghum and Cowpea. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 56: 363-372.
 
 
Palupi, T. and Riyanto, F. 2020. Seed coating with biological agents to improve the quality of rice seeds contaminated with blast pathogens and increase seedling growth. Biodiversitas, 21: 683-688. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210216.
 
 
Pereira, A. D. E., Caixeta Oliveira, H., FernandesFraceto, L., C. Santaella. 2021. Nanotechnology Potentialin Seed Priming for Sustainable Agriculture. Nanomaterials 11(2): 267. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11020267.
 
 
Priyono, J. and Agung Ketut Sudharmawan, A. 2020. Seed coating with organomineral fertilizer, an alternative method to improve the efficiency of farming. Asian Res. J. Agric. 12(1): 12-17. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARJA/2020/v12i130072.
 
 
Rao, P.S., Parimala, K., Rajasri, M. and Sudha Rani, M. 2015. Effect of seed coating with polymers and chemicals on seed quality during storage in hybrid cotton. J. Res. ANGRAU 43(1&2): 44-48.
 
 
Reddy, B., Bara, B.M. and YaswanthKrishina, R. 2019. Effect of polymer seed coating and seed treatment on seed quality parameters and yield attributing characters of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). Int. J. Curr. Microb. App. Sci. 8: 1175-1182. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.806.144.
 
 
Rocha, I., Ma, Y., Souza-Alonso, P., Vosátka, M., Freitas, H. and R.S. Oliveira. 2019. Seed coating: a tool for delivering beneficial microbes to agricultural crops. Front. Plant Sci. 10: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01359.
 
 
Suganya, K., Jerlin, R. and Raja, K. 2020. Effect of super absorbent polymercoating on seed yield and quality of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) under field condition. Sci. Forecast Publ. 14: 56-67.
 
 
Szparaga, A. 2023. Biostimulating extracts from ArctiumlappaL. as ecological additives in soybean seed coating applications. Sciendo 27:1-10. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2023-0001.
 
 
Thiphinkong, D. and Sikhao, P. 2021. Development of fluorescent coating substance for anti- counterfeit of high value seeds. Int. J. Agric. Tech. 17(6): 2429-2438.
 
 
Yavaş, İ. 2021. The Effect of nanoparticle applications on plants under some stress conditions. Turk. J. Range and Forage Sci. 2(2): 52-62.
https://doi:10.51801/turkjrfs.954843
 
 
Research Achievements for Field and Horticulture Crops
Volume 14, Issue 2
February 2026
Pages 247-266

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 December 2025
  • Revise Date: 23 March 0621
  • Accept Date: 22 July 2026

Share

How to cite

Statistics